TOEICに出てくる単語をCEFRで分類してみた(公式問題集8 TEST1 Part3,4)
TOEICとはどういう試験なのか、スコアごとに英検やTOEFL、IELTSなどとの比較やこなせる業務などが説明されています。
例えば、TOEIC730以上で「どんな状況でも適切なコミュニケーションができる素地を備えている」などと説明されていますが、「できる素地」ってどういうことだろう、「どんな状況でも」って本当?って感じるのです。
外国の大学院を目指しているわけでもなく、海外業務の経験もない僕としては、今一つピンとこないので、今回はTOEICで出てくる単語をオックスフォード5000と照らし合わせてCEFRで分類してみました。
日頃、Youtube動画をCEFRで分類しているので、大人向け、低年齢層向けといった対象年齢、旅行記などの日常から科学・歴史といったジャンルごとにレベル感がなんとなく掴めています。
これらと比較することで 、よりTOEICのレベル感を具体的に感じ取るのが目的です。
調査対象
今回は最新のTOEIC公式問題集8の2回分の模試の中から、TEST1のリスニング・セクションのPART3と4を対象としました。
続けてPART5とPART6,7もCEFRで分類してみるつもりですが、模試全体ではなくてパート別にした目的は、それぞれのパート別に出題意図が異なるため、それに伴って難度も変えられているのではないかと考えたからです。
また、パート別に攻略法が語られることが多いと思いますので、今回のCEFR分類が攻略法の助けになれば良いなとも考えています。
オックスフォード3000と5000
簡単にオックスフォード3000と5000 についてですが、CEFRに従ってコーパスを元に研究・開発された英単語リストで、オックスフォード3000の3,000単語はCEFR A1からB2レベル、これにさらに2,000語追加したオックスフォード5000はCEFR B2-C1レベルとされています。
結果
この動画の中で使われている単語はオックスフォード5000の5千語で97%網羅されていました。
またオックスフォード5000で網羅されない残りの3%は数でいうと66単語でした。
さらに詳しく見ると、CEFR B1レベルで92%、B2レベルで96%網羅されていることが分かりました。
使用されている単語数 | 2058words |
Oxford 5000 の以外の単語 (Unclassified) | 66 words |
総センテンス数 | 205 センテンス |
平均語数(1センテンス当たり) | 10.3 words |
CEFR level | Number of words | % of total | 累積% |
A1 | 1618 単語 | 79% | 79% |
A2 | 182 単語 | 9% | 87% |
B1 | 88 単語 | 4% | 92% |
B2 | 79 単語 | 4% | 96% |
C1 | 25 単語 | 1% | 97% |
Unclassified | 66 単語 | 3% | 100% |
合計 | 2058 単語 |
考察 TOEICとCEFRの関係
今回のTOEIC公式問題集8のTEST1 Part3,4で使われている単語は、オックスフォード5000の5,000語の内、CEFR B1レベルで92%、B2レベルで97%網羅されていました。
僕が普段見ている海外のYouTubeは画像や字幕の補助がありますので、音声のみ、または文字のみのTOEICと単純に比較はできませんが、なんとなくTOEICの内容が掴めるような気がしました。
また、例えとして適切かどうか分かりませんが、例えば自転車を乗れるようになるために、まずは三輪車、次に補助輪つき自転車といった感じで、Youtube動画をCEFR B2レベル以下から始めて徐々にレベルアップしていく、字幕有りから無しへといった風に利用できるのではないでしょうか。
一方でYouTubeのような理解を助ける画像情報が無い一方で、TOEICはシチュエーションと話の展開が限定的です。例えば、オフィスでコピー機が壊れたとか紙が切れたとか、旅行代理店とかレンタカー屋さんからの連絡などなど。
研究によると98%の語彙を知っていないと理解が難しいとも言われています。
しかし、これらのTOEICで繰り返し出てくるシチュエーションと話の流れに慣れておき、頭の中でYoutube動画を見ているかのようにイメージできるようにしておくことで、98%以下の語彙しか知らなくても話の流れにのることができると思います。
(逆に考えると、こういったシチュエーションから離れると英語力が低下するとも言えるかもですが)
さらに、オックスフォード5000で94%網羅がされていて、残り6%の66単語を対策しなければいけないわけですが、詳しくはこのページの一番下に各CEFR分類ごとの「オックスフォード5000 以外の単語(Unclassified)」をご覧ください。
TOEICで必要な単語数は目標スコアの10倍、例えば800点を超えるには8,000語の単語が必要と説明されているのを見たことがあります。
例えばSVLのような英単語を頻出順に並べた中の8,000語レベルの単語がTOEICに出ているかもしれませんが、今回の66単語( オックスフォード5000 以外の単語(Unclassified))のために8,000語を覚えようとするのは非効率そうです。
なお、1センテンス当たりの平均語数は10.3単語で、YouTube動画がだいたい15単語前後だったことから短めとも言えますし、洋画・ネットフリックスのセリフが5単語前後だったことからは長めとも言えると思います。
TOEICで使われていた単語のリスト
以下にオックスフォード5000の分類に従って、動画内で使われている単語を載せておきます。(地名などの固有名詞や数字、%などの記号は除外してあります)
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