TOEICに出てくる単語をCEFRで分類してみた (その2)(公式問題集8 TEST1 Part7)
前回に続き、今回はTOEIC公式問題集のリーディング・パート、特にPart7で使われている語彙のレベルをCEFRで分類してみました。
リスニング・パートとリーディング・パートで使われている語彙レベルがどれくらい違うのかを知りたいと考えています。TOEIC公式問題集のリスニング・パート、特にPart3, 4で使われている語彙のレベルをCEFRで分類した結果は下の前回の記事のリンクを参照してください。
前置き
前回のブログ記事の繰り返しになりますが、調査の動機、目的を書いておきます。
TOEICとはどういう試験なのか、スコアごとに英検やTOEFL、IELTSなどとの比較やこなせる業務などが説明されています。
例えば、TOEIC730以上で「どんな状況でも適切なコミュニケーションができる素地を備えている」などと説明されていますが、「できる素地」ってどういうことだろう、「どんな状況でも」って本当?って感じるのです。
外国の大学院を目指しているわけでもなく、海外業務の経験もない僕としては、今一つピンとこないので、今回はTOEICで出てくる単語をオックスフォード5000と照らし合わせてCEFRで分類してみました。
日頃、Youtube動画をCEFRで分類しているので、大人向け、低年齢層向けといった対象年齢、旅行記などの日常から科学・歴史といったジャンルごとにレベル感がなんとなく掴めています。
これらと比較することで 、よりTOEICのレベル感を具体的に感じ取るのが目的です。
調査対象
今回は最新のTOEIC公式問題集8の2回分の模試の中から、TEST1のリーディング・セクションのPART7を対象としました。
続けて文法問題のPART5とPART6もCEFRで分類してみるつもりですが、模試全体ではなくてパート別にした目的は、それぞれのパート別に出題意図が異なるため、それに伴って難度も変えられているのではないかと考えたからです。
また、パート別に攻略法が語られることが多いと思いますので、今回のCEFR分類が攻略法の助けになれば良いなとも考えています。
オックスフォード3000と5000
簡単にオックスフォード3000と5000 についてですが、CEFRに従ってコーパスを元に研究・開発された英単語リストで、オックスフォード3000の3,000単語はCEFR A1からB2レベル、これにさらに2,000語追加したオックスフォード5000はCEFR B2-C1レベルとされています。
結果
この動画の中で使われている単語はオックスフォード5000の5千語で96%網羅されていました。前回実施したリスニング・パート(Part3,4)の97%とほぼ同等です。
またオックスフォード5000で網羅されない残りの4%は数でいうと86単語でした。
さらに詳しく見ると、CEFR B1レベルで91%、B2レベルで96%網羅されていることが分かりました。
使用されている単語数 | 2655words |
Oxford 5000 の以外の単語 (Unclassified) | 86 words |
総センテンス数 | 240 センテンス |
平均語数(1センテンス当たり) | 12.2 words |
CEFR level | Number of words | % of total | 累積% |
A1 | 1956 単語 | 74% | 74% |
A2 | 318 単語 | 12% | 86% |
B1 | 142 単語 | 5% | 91% |
B2 | 120 単語 | 5% | 96% |
C1 | 33 単語 | 1% | 97% |
Unclassified | 86 単語 | 3% | 100% |
合計 | 2655 単語 |
考察 TOEICとCEFRの関係
前回調べたリスニング・パート(Part3, 4)と今回の結果を、CEFRの分類で比較してみたのが下のグラフです。
リーディング・パート(Part7)の方が、A1レベルの構成比が5%ほど低下していますが、A2以上のレベルについてはほとんど同じような構成になっています。
他の公式問題集や韓国で出版されている過去問などを使って確認しなければ確実なことは言えませんが、もしかすると、このCEFRで分類した時のバランスというか構成比は意図的に作られているのかもしれません。
CEFR level | Part7の 累積% | Part3, 4の 累積% |
A1 | 74% | 79% |
A2 | 86% | 87% |
B1 | 91% | 92% |
B2 | 96% | 96% |
C1 | 97% | 97% |
Unclassified | 100% | 100% |
合計 |
もし仮にTOEICの問題製作会社ETSが意図的に語彙レベルを今回のように厳守して問題を作成しているのであれば、学習方法にも関係するかもしれません。
例えば、リスニング400点、リーディング385点でB2レベルに差し掛かったばかりの学習者の場合、毎回5%しか出てこない単語がB2レベル攻略(C1レベル:リスニングパート490点以上)の鍵なのかもしれません。
今回調査した模試1回の中で200個のCEFRでB2レベルの単語が使われていました。(リスニングパートで120語、リーディングパートで79語)
CEFRでB2レベルの単語 は全部で約2,800個あります。
公式問題集1冊をきっちりやりきることの必要性が良く言われますが、TOEICでこれらCEFRのB2レベルの単語が均等に(?)万遍なく(?)出てくると仮定すると、例えば力技で行くならば模試15~20回分(2,800語÷200=14、約15回分)くらいをやりきる必要があるかもしれません。スタディサプリEnglishのTOEIC ® L&R TEST対策コースが模試20回分を収録しているのも納得できるような。
他に効率的にやるならば、B2レベルの動詞に着目して、その動詞の使われ方、例えば目的語や前置詞などもセットで脊髄反射で反応できるようにトレーニングするのも良いような気がします。
もちろん、語彙のレベルが問題の難度に直結するわけではありませんが。。
その他の考察としては前回のリスニング・パートとまったく同じになりますので、今回は省略します。
なお、1センテンス当たりの平均語数は12.2単語で、リスニングパート(Part3,4)の10.3単語より若干長くなっていました。
TOEICで使われていた単語のリスト
以下にオックスフォード5000の分類に従って、動画内で使われている単語を載せておきます。(地名などの固有名詞や数字、%などの記号は除外してあります)
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